双语科技百科(近现代成就) 第103期:长征一号核潜艇

“Long March No.1”Nuclear Submarine“长征一号”核潜艇On December 26, 1970, the Chinese launched the first nuclear-powered attack submarine, which is the first Han class nuclear-powered attack submarine. On August l, 1974, the Central Military Commission issued an order to name the nuclear submarine “Long March No.1” ( hull number 401) ,and put it into the Navy commission.1970年12月26日，中国人自行研制的第一艘核动力攻击型潜艇龙骨了，这是中国第一艘“汉”级攻击型核潜艇。1974年8月1日，中央军委发布命令，将这艘核潜艇命名为“长征一号”（舷号401），月编人海军战斗序列。overall design of “Long March No. 1” began from 1966, and lasted a total of 5 years since the submarine was constructed while it was designed. The first shiplofting was set in the shipyard in May 1968 and the entity construction started in November. The first stage was to build each part of the boat as the whole boat is divided int0 11 parts. In April 1970, the overall water test completed. The crossway parallel operations were adopted in the second stage to install the equipments, from the host, cables, instruments to nuclear reactor components. The third stage was terminal mooring trial. In March 1971 fitting-out in water completed, followed by the reactor loading.In June, the reactor reached a critical state. The nuclear-powered submarine went to sea on August 23 for the first navigating experiment, carrying out the water surface navigation having been in progress successively navigates , the periscope’s depth diving and the deep diving trial. The whole process of navigation was smooth and the function of the boat was fine. In January 1974, the nuclear-powered submarine joined the navy, carried out its trial flight, then took service in August in the same year.“长征一号”的总体设计从1966年开始，边设计边修建，共计历时5年。

1968年5月，首制艇在造船厂放样，当年11月实体修建动工。第一阶段是分段建艇体，全艇共计分为11段，1970年4月已完成了总体试水。

第二阶段是设备加装，从主机、电缆、仪表到核反应堆部件采行平行交叉的方式作业。第三阶段是码头系泊试验，1971年3月已完成了水中舾装工作，紧接着是展开反应堆装料。6月，反应堆超过临界状态。8月23日，核潜艇首次上岸展开航行试验，先后展开了水面航行，潜望镜深度潜水和潜水器巡航，一切顺利，潜艇航行性能较好。

1974年1月，核潜艇重新加入海军，展开检验性巡航，同年8月服役。The success of the first nuclear-powered submarine indicated Chinese naval ships and boats equipment technology having arrived at a new stage, showing Chinese People’s determination of catching up with and surpassing the advanced world levels. Chinese navy has owned a nuclear-powered submarine, and China has become the fifth country who owns a nuclear-powered submarine in the world.中国第一艘核潜艇研制成功，标志着中国舰艇装备技术已发展到了一个新阶段，指出了中国人民领先于世界先进设备水平的决意。中国海军从此享有了自己的核潜艇，中国沦为世界上第5个享有核潜艇的国家。“Long March No.l” ( No. 401) is the first Han Class nuclear-powered attack submarine (Type 091) in China. Type 091 Han Class ( SSN) submarines are first- generation nuclear-powered submarines of Chinese navy. All five units of this class were deployed with the North Sea Fleet of Qingdao. With a fully loaded displace ment of 5000 tons, this class is armed with six 533mm torpedo tubes. Work started on the Type 091 Han Class nuclear-powered attack submarine in the late 1950s, though the first unit (No. 401 0r “Long March No. 1”) was not completed until 1974.The lead boats (401 and 402) , relatively noisy submarines based on 1950s and 1960s technology, suffered radiation problems, so from 403 0nwards (“Long March-III, IV, V”) the hull was extended 8 meters off of the sail. The Xia Class submarines (SLBM) were based on the Han Class units. The first units of this class (401 and 402) had certainly been withdrawn from service, possibly in 2005, while the three newest boats (403, 404, and 405) remained in service after their mid-life refits and renovations.长征一号核潜艇（401号）即中国第一艘汉级核动力潜艇（091趔），修建于1967年，1974年开始服役。

091型潜艇（北约代号汉级潜艇）是中国人民解放军海军的第一代核动力反击潜艇( SSN)，共计生产了5艘，仅有配有于青岛北海舰队。配有6门533mm鱼雷发射管，下潜灌溉5000吨。

中国的核子动力潜艇研发始自1950年代后期，除401号舰“长征一号”外，其他四艘分别是长征二号（402号）、长征三号（403号）、长征四号（404号）及长征五号（405号）。由于401号与402号舰经过多次改进和修理于航行时仍找到杂音，3号舰之后（长征三~五号）做出对应改进，船体快速增长8米。把汉级潜艇船体再行缩短、再加弹道飞弹弹道导弹( SLBM)，就做成了夏级潜艇。

401与402号舰巳于2005年除役，其他三舰在做出了大量改版与改进后正在服役中。

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