日本获113号元素命名权 打破欧美科研垄断

Since the 19th century, European and American discoveries have monopolized the naming of elements on the periodic table. It is evident in entries like francium, germanium, scandium, polonium, europium, californium, berkelium and americium.自19世纪以来，欧洲和美国的找到独占了对周期表中元素的命名。这一点在钫、锗、钪、钋、铕、锎、锫、镅等元素的拉丁名上极为显著。But now, for the first time, researchers in Asia will make an addition to chemistry’s most fundamental catalog.但现在，亚洲的研究人员将首次在化学领域最基本的目录上减少一个条目。Scientists from the Riken institute in Japan will bestow an official name on Element 113, currently known by the placeholder name ununtrium, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry announced last week.国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)上周宣告，日本理化学研究所(Riken)的科学家将享有给第113号元素月命名的权利。

该元素目前嗣后被称作ununtrium。The organization said that studies published by the Japanese scientists from 2004 to 2012 give the team the strongest claim to having discovered the element. The declaration comes more than 12 years after the Japanese team first attempted to synthesize the superheavy element, by firing beams of zinc at a thin bismuth film.化学联合会称之为，这些日本科学家在2004到2012年间公开发表的研究论文，让该团队有尤为充份的理由声称是他们找到了该元素。这一接纳距日本团队首次尝试制备这一超载元素已过去了逾12年。他们作法是朝一层薄薄的铋膜升空锌束。

Led by Kosuke Morita, the group began to bombard bismuth atoms in a particle accelerator at 10 percent the speed of light in 2003. A year later, they successfully fused two atomic nuclei from these elements, creating their first nucleus of Element 113, but it decayed in less than a thousandth of a second. In 2005, the team produced Element 113 in a second event, but the chemistry union did not consider the demonstration strong enough to denote a discovery.2003年，该团队在森田浩郎(Kosuke Morita)的率领下，开始在粒子加速器中以10%的光速炮击铋原子。一年后，他们顺利地让两个元素的原子核聚变，建构出有了他们的首个113号元素原子核，但过了将近千分之一秒，它就裂变了。

2005年，该团队第二次获得了第113号元素，但化学联合会指出并足以证明找到了新元素。“For over seven years, we continued to search for data conclusively identifying Element 113, but we just never saw another event,” Dr. Morita said in a statement. “I was not prepared to give up, however, as I believed that one day, if we persevered, luck would fall upon us again.”“在七年多时间里，我们持续找寻能不容置疑地证明第113号元素的数据，但再未顺利过，”森田浩黄玉声明中说道。

“但我没有打算退出，因为我坚信，如果坚持不懈，总有一天好运会复活在我们身上。”In 2012, the team finally produced strong evidence that they had synthesized Element 113. Over the course of those nine years, the beam was active for 553 days and launched more than 130 quintillion zinc atoms, according to Nature.在2012年，该团队再一得出结论了有力的证据，指出他们制备了第113号元素。《大自然》杂志(Nature)称之为，这九年里，锌束活跃了553天，升空的锌原子数多达1.3除以10的20次方。The chemistry union, along with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, granted the Riken researchers naming rights to Element 113 over a joint Russia-United States team that had also claimed to discover the element.化学联合会和国际纯粹与应用于物理学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Physics)联合将第113号元素的命名权颁发了理化学研究所的研究人员，而一支俄美牵头团队抱憾。

后者也声称找到了该元素。The chemistry union’s decisions are detailed in two reports to appear in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry. In addition to Element 113, Elements 115, 117 and 118 will also receive official names. Teams from Russia and the United States discovered those elements.《纯粹与应用化学》期刊(Pure and Applied Chemistry)上公开发表的两份报告，详尽说明了化学联合会的要求。

除第113号元素外，第115号、117号和118号元素也将被月命名。这些元素由俄罗斯和美国的团队分别找到。

With their discovery, the bottom row of the periodic table will be complete. Elements are numbered by the protons they have in their nucleus, and Elements 114 (flerovium) and 116 (livermorium) had previously been confirmed and named.有了这些找到，元素周期表最下面一行将被填充。元素的序号是根据其原子核内含有的质子数要求的。第114号元素鈇(flerovium)和116号元素鉝(livermorium)此前已获得证实并已完成了命名。Dr. Morita has not yet announced what he intends to name Element 113, but according to a 2004 article in The Japan Times when the team first published its results, one likely contender may be “japonium.”森田浩郎仍未宣告想给第113号元素起什么名字，但从该团队于2004年首次公开发表研究结果的时候《日本时报》(The Japan Times)当年刊出的一篇文章来看，其中一个很有可能中选的拉丁名是“japonium”。

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